Below I want to introduce a simple right-click add-on provided by www.thefreedictionary.com that adds a "Definition" and "Encyclopedia" option to the right-click menu. No matter what website you are visiting, you can now instantly check any word's definition and listen to its correct AE pronuciation.

Click Instant word lookup for your browser and then click "Install".

For technical reasons you must first go to https://fjk-english-classes.tripod.com/e-zine/index.html to use the "Definition" and "Encyclopedia" options on this website. Then

Select any word

Right-click and select "Dictionary" / "Encyclopedia" in the menu

The definition will be presented in a new browser window

Select the definition and copy it into your document

[Later, just open the browser, navigate to any web page, and follow the steps above.]

The red text below shows passages that would not have been easy to find out about by learners.

How Hip-Hop Music Lost Its Way and Betrayed Its Fans

By BRENT STAPLES, The New York Times, Published May 12, 2005

African-American teenagers are beset on all sides [attacked from all sides] by dangerous myths [fictions or half-truths, especially such that form part of an ideology] about race. The most poisonous [capable of harming] one defines middle-class normalcy and achievement [success based on effort] as "white," while embracing [taking up willingly or eagerly] violence, illiteracy and drug dealing as "authentically" [genuinely, really] black.

This fiction rears its head from time to time in films and literature. [This fiction is sometimes the most important ingredient of a film or a piece of literature.] But it finds its most virulent [bitterly hostile or hateful] expression in rap music, which started out with a broad palette of themes but has increasingly evolved into a medium for worshiping misogyny [hatred of women], materialism and murder. [Rap music* has more and more been misused to celebrate/glorify ...]

This dangerous narrowing of hip-hop music [To reduce the messages of hip-hop music to a glorification of anti-social behaviour] would be reason for concern in any case. But it is especially troubling against the backdrop [background] of the 1990's, when rappers provoked a real-world gang war by using recordings and music videos to insult and threaten rivals. Two of the music's biggest stars - Tupac Shakur and the Notorious B.I.G. - were eventually shot to death. People who pay only minimal attention to the rap world may have thought the killings would sober up [make] the rap community [assume a more realistic view of things]. Not quite. The May cover of the hip-hop magazine Vibe was on the mark [made the problem clearly evident] when it depicted fallen rappers standing among tombstones under the headline: "Hip-Hop Murders: Why Haven't We Learned Anything?" The cover may have been prompted [inspired] in part by a rivalry between two rappers that culminated in a shootout at a New York radio station, Hot 97, earlier this spring.

The events that led up to the shooting show how recording labels [recording companies] now exploit violence to make and sell recordings. At the center of that Hot 97 shootout was none other than 50 Cent, whose given name is Curtis Jackson III. Mr. Jackson is a confessed former drug dealer who seems to revel in the fact that he was shot several times while dealing in Queens. He has also made a career of "beef" recordings, in which he whips up controversy and heightens tension by insulting rival artists.He was following this pattern in a radio interview in March when a rival showed up at the station. The story's murky, but it appears that the rival's entourage met Mr. Jackson's on the street, resulting in gunfire.

Mr. Jackson's on-air agitation was clearly timed to coincide with the release of "The Massacre," his grotesquely violent and misogynist compact disc. The CD cover depicts the artist standing before a wall adorned with weapons, pointing what appears to be a shotgun at the camera. The photographs in the liner notes depict every ghetto stereotype - the artist selling drugs, the artist in a gunfight - and includes a mock autopsy report that has been seen as a covert threat aimed at some of his critics. The "Massacre" promotion raises the ante in a most destructive way. New artists, desperate for stardom, will say or do anything to win notice - and buzz - for their next projects. As the trend escalates, inner-city listeners who are already at risk of dying prematurely are being fed a toxic diet of rap cuts that glorify murder and make it seem perfectly normal to spend your life in prison. Critics who have been angered by this trend have pointed at Jimmy Iovine, the music impresario whose Interscope Records reaped millions on gangster rap in the 90's. Mr. Iovine makes a convenient target as a white man who is lording over an essentially black art form. But also listed on "The Massacre" as an executive producer is the legendary rapper Dr. Dre, a black man who happens to be one of the most powerful people in the business. Dr. Dre has a unique vantage point on rap-related violence. He was co-founder of Death Row Records, an infamous California company that marketed West Coast rap in the 1990's and had a front-row seat for the feud that led to so much bloodshed back then. The music business hopes to make a financial killing on a recently announced summer concert tour that is set to feature 50 Cent and the mega-selling rap star Eminem. But promoters will need to make heavy use of metal detectors to suppress the kind of gun-related violence that gangster artists celebrate. That this lethal genre of art has grown speaks volumes about the industry's greed and lack of self-control. But trends like this reach a tipping point, when business as usual becomes unacceptable to the public as a whole. Judging from the rising hue and cry, hip-hop is just about there. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/12/opinion/12thu4.html?th&emc=th